Positive Space

A landscape can be divided into two categories: positive space and negative space. A positive space it that which attracts and generates activity while a negative space, in contrast, is often leftover areas that just take up room. The ultimate goal of a landscape architect is to maximize positive space and eliminate, or at least minimize, negative space.
The concept of positive and negative space derives from the ancient Chinese practice of Feng Shui. In Feng Shui, environments are designed to enhance the flow of ch’i, the vital energy present in every aspect of life. By balancing elements, stimulating senses, and making smooth transitions from place to place, a landscape can be designed to increase its functionality as well as its aesthetic pleasure.
The four elements of positive space are metal, water, earth, and fire. Incorporating these in balance creates a diverse and dynamic environment. Ways to include these can be the basis of the landscape or simply an addition. Pools and spas, for example, represent water and can be the focal point of a garden. Ponds and fountains, on the other hand, are good enhancers or accompaniments to an existing garden. Other examples of how to include these elements into the landscape are by adding wind chimes and sculptures for metal, lanterns and bright flowers for fire, and wooden furniture and terra cotta pottery for earth.
A positive landscape is also described as a place that works to invigorate all five senses: sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch. This can be greatly achieved through plant choice. A variety of colors and textures create visually beautiful scenery. Many of the same plants can be appreciated for the aromas, both seasonally and yearlong. Herbs, fruit trees, and vegetable gardens make a nice addition to a garden as well as helping out in the kitchen. Plants that attract animals or that pick up the sound of the wind create a nice acoustic background as well.
The last and often found to be the most challenging part of designing positive space are the transitions from place to place. Environments tend to be designed around specific focal points and the space in between usually falls into the category of negative space. The sharp angles and corners of negative space are not easily accessible to maintain and are breeding grounds for spiders and other pests.
Rules of Feng Shui help to ease this problem. Paths, for example, are to be meandering and not make sharp turns. Vegetation choices tend to exclude prickly plants such as holly, berberis, and roses that create physical barriers. The key is to design open and inviting spaces: curvilinear shapes, varied topography, and diverse colors. Doing this generates curiosity and accessibility in all parts of the landscape and so decreases the likelihood of stagnant negative space.
A landscape architect strives for balance in the environment. Their ultimate goal is to design a place that is functional as well as aesthetically pleasing to be in. These positive spaces have been achieved through the art of Feng Shui for many years and can be a valuable influence in any landscape.